University General Course Catalog 2021-2022 
    
    Apr 18, 2024  
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8. Course Descriptions

Note: Sequencing rules in effect for many Math courses prohibit students from earning credit for a lower numbered Math course after receiving credit for a higher numbered Math course. Sequencing rules are included in the course descriptions of applicable courses.
 

Biochemistry
  

  • BCH 600 - Introductory Biochemistry

    (4 units)
    A comprehensive overview of the three major areas in Biochemistry. Structure function of Biomolecules, Metabolism, and Molecular Biology.

    Prerequisite(s): CHEM 342 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 4
    Offered: Every Fall and Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. predict how chemical and physical factors influence the structure and function of major classes of biomolecules.
    2. determine how metabolic processes influence biological functions.
    3. explain how genetic information is transduced into biochemical processes.
    4. articulate a basic understanding of enzyme kinetics and allosteric regulation.


    Click here for course scheduling information. | Check course textbook information
  

  • BCH 605 - Molecular Biology

    (3 units)
    Molecular structures and mechanisms involved in the storage, transmission and utilization of genetic information in simple and complex organisms; principles of recombinant DNA methodology. 

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall and Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. describe molecular mechanisms used to store, access and manipulate genetic information.
    2. articulate an understanding of the roles of various macromolecules dealing with the storage and use of genetic information.
    3. critically evaluate primary research literature and communicate an informed opinion of molecular research.


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  • BCH 606 - Molecular Biology Laboratory

    (3 units)
    Selected experiments illustrating methodology in molecular biological techniques and in the analysis and enzymatic manipulation of DNA. (BCH 606 and BIOL 606 are cross-listed; credit may be earned in one of the two.)

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 1
    Units of Laboratory/Studio: 2
    Offered: Every Fall and Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. apply theoretical concepts presented in the Molecular Biology lecture course (BCH 405) to practice in a laboratory setting.
    2. perform experiments illustrating methodology in molecular biological techniques and in the analysis and enzymatic manipulation of DNA.
    3. apply the appropriate statistical and mathematical approaches to analyze data and appraise experimental results.
    4. prepare written reports that comply with standard scientific formats.
    5. critically evaluate primary research literature and communicate an informed opinion of molecular research.


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  • BCH 610 - Plant Physiology

    (3 units)
    Basic physiological processes in plants, nutrition, metabolism, growth and development. (BCH 610 and BIOL 610 are cross-listed; credit may be earned in one of the two.)

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. articulate an understanding of the physiological processes governing the growth and development of plants.
    2. explain how plants modify physiological processes to adapt to changes in environmental conditions.
    3. discuss how physiological processes impact plants in agricultural and natural settings.


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  • BCH 613 - Molecular Biophysics

    (3 units)
    Molecular basis of structural biology and biological catalysis; protein, membrane and polysaccharide conformation; supra molecular assembly; enzyme kinetics; molecular recognition.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. predict how physical and chemical environments influence protein structure and function.
    2. describe how the amino acid sequence influences a protein’s final native conformation.
    3. identify the appropriate analytical techniques and approaches to define and characterize the native conformation of protein.
    4. calculate the kinetic parameters governing the catalytic properties of an enzyme.
    5. articulate an understanding of how allosteric and post-translational modifications regulated enzyme activity.


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  • BCH 617 - Metabolic Regulation

    (3 units)
    In-depth examination of metabolism and regulation of carbohydrates, lipids, isoprenoids, amino acids, relationship of metabolism to the life processes of the whole organism.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. articulate a comprehensive understanding of intermediary metabolism and the interconnectedness of anabolic and catabolic processes.
    2. describe the post-translational mechanisms used to modulate enzymatic activity.
    3. describe common mechanistic themes in enzyme catalysis.
    4. relate human diseases to specific metabolic defects.
    5. articulate an understanding of hormone signal transduction pathways and their relationship to metabolic regulation in humans.


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  • BCH 680 - Independent Study

    (1 to 3 units)
    Intensive study of a special problem.

    Maximum units a student may earn: 6

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Offered: Every Fall, Spring, and Summer

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. design experimental strategies to understand key concepts in biochemistry and molecular biology.
    2. demonstrate skills in the critical evaluation of modern biochemical and molecular biological experimental design and best practices through readings from the primary literature.
    3. demonstrate a working knowledge of advanced topics in biochemistry and molecular biology and the ability to effectively discuss a specific area of research.
    4. demonstrate ability to critically evaluate and debate issues pertaining to modern biochemical and molecular biological research.


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  • BCH 687 - Systems-Based Approaches in Biochemistry

    (3 units)
    Survey of advances in the study of genomes; how its structure is analyzed, how studies can be used to determine function/variations in function, how applications can cross over into various disciplines i.e., drug discovery, genetic engineering.

    Prerequisite(s): APST 270  or STAT 152  or STAT 352 ; BCH 405  or BCH 605 . 

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. articulate an understanding of the “‘omics-based” technologies utilized in systems-based approach in biochemistry.
    2. explain how systems-based approach in biochemistry can be applied to address specific research questions in specific disciplines and distinguish between research questions that are and are not appropriate for such an approach.
    3. manipulate datasets generated through genome analysis using the appropriate computational algorithms.
    4. critically evaluate the approach of other researchers and comment on strengths and weaknesses.
    5. articulate how systems-based approaches in biochemistry has transformed society through advancements in medicine, agriculture and the environment.


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  • BCH 701 - Experimental Biochem I

    (3 units)
    Intensive laboratory in biochemical research methodology. Oral and written reports on each research project required. Biochemistry majors.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Laboratory/Studio: 3
    Offered: Every Fall and Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate ability to complete laboratory-based research in their field of study, including the mastery of common and specialized techniques and instrumentation used in performing biochemical and molecular biology experimentation, and the testing of a hypothesis or answering scientific questions formulated independently or in conjunction with the advisor and committee members.


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  • BCH 702 - Experimental Biochem II

    (3 units)
    Intensive laboratory in biochemical research methodology. Oral and written reports on each research project required. Biochemistry majors.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall and Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate ability to complete laboratory-based research in their field of study, including the mastery of common and specialized techniques and instrumentation used in performing biochemical and molecular biology experimentation, and the testing of a hypothesis or answering scientific questions formulated independently or in conjunction with the advisor and committee members.


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  • BCH 703 - Grant Writing for Molecular Biosciences

    (2 units)
    In-depth preparation for developing grant proposals, improving grant writing skills, and honing critical thinking skills within the molecular biosciences.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 2
    Offered: Every Fall

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate ability to develop and write all components of a competitive grant proposal through a series of writing exercises.
    2. adhere to the mechanical requirements of submitting a grant proposal to an extramural granting agency through the study of research funding announcements from various federal granting agencies.
    3. demonstrate ability to organize and write summary and background sections of a grant proposal through extensive readings of the primary literature, instruction, discussion, and analysis.
    4. demonstrate ability to organize and write a significance and rationale and research plan sections of a grant proposal through instruction, discussions, and analysis.
    5. demonstrate ability to critically evaluate a peer’s research proposal for extramural support through developing oral and written evaluations of peer grant proposals.


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  • BCH 705 - Molecular Genetics

    (3 units)
    Molecular view of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes. Structure, expression and regulation of genes. Genetic engineering.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate ability to design experimental strategies using state-of-the-art methods/approaches to address biological questions through written examinations.
    2. demonstrate a working understanding of advanced topics in molecular genetics through written examinations and in-class discussions.
    3. demonstrate ability to critically evaluate the salient points of primary research articles through written and oral summaries.
    4. abiltily to summarize a research paper from the primary literature and effectively lead a discussion of the paper.
    5. demonstrate a working knowledge of advanced topics in functional genomics and systems biology and the ability to effectively lead a discussion about a specific area of research through oral presentations and in-depth discussions.


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  • BCH 706 - Functional Genomics

    (3 units)
    Systematic analysis of gene function on a genome scale using high-throughput experimental methodologies, bioinformatics tools, and systems biology approaches.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate extensive knowledge of state-of-the-art ‘omics methodologies and approaches to explore fundamental research questions in biological systems at a genomics scale through written examinations, in class discussions, and oral presentations.
    2. demonstrate ability to design experimental strategies that make use of state-of-the-art, cutting-edge ‘omics methods and approaches to explore fundamental questions about the operation of cellular function through written quizzes and examinations.
    3. develop skills in the critical evaluation of ‘omics-scale research experimental design and best practices through readings from the primary literature and oral and written summaries.
    4. demonstrate a working knowledge of advanced topics in functional genomics and systems biology and the ability to effectively lead a discussion about a specific area of research through oral presentations and in-depth discussions.


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  • BCH 707 - Protein Structure and Function

    (3 units)
    Protein structure, biochemical properties, techniques for structure determination and conformation analysis, structure function relationships.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. articulate a comprehensive understanding of the interrelatedness of protein structures and functions.
    2. demonstrate knowledge of protein structures and functions through written tests and analysis of current primary literature.
    3. demonstrate knowledge of current methods employed to determine and analyze protein structures and functions.


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  • BCH 709 - Introduction to Bioinformatics

    (3 units)
    A practical overview of major components within the field of bioinformatics for students with or without a mathematical or statistical background.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate ability to apply methods and tools necessary to interpret and analyze biological datasets.
    2. demonstrate extensive knowledge of current bioinformatics tools, resources and literature.
    3. articulate effective strategies and skills to pursue a career in the bioinformatics fields.


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  • BCH 711 - Microscopy of Cellular Dynamics

    (3 units)
    Hands-on training on advanced fluorescence microscopy techniques for biological samples, including but not limited to plants, bacteria, yeast, insects, etc. as well as developing the capability to analyze big imaging data for publication.

    Recommended Preparation: a basic knowledge of cell biology and optical physics (e.g., PHYS 152A , PHYS 181 , BIOL 315 ).

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 1
    Units of Laboratory/Studio: 2
    Offered: Every Fall

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate in-depth understanding of modern advanced fluorescence microscopy techniques and existing biosensors detecting signal molecules.
    2. design imaging experiment for detecting cellular signaling molecules using available biosensors for small signaling molecules or metabolites.
    3. Through hands-on training in advance fluorescence microscopy techniques, demonstrate the skills of operating the existing microscope modules such as spinning disc confocal and Keyence microscopes and process big data for publication.
    4. teach other researchers how to use fluorescence microscopes to detect small signaling molecules in various biological samples, including plants, microbes, insects, etc.


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  • BCH 718 - Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology

    (3 units)
    Plant molecular and biochemical processes with strategies for crop improvement using biotechnological approaches.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall - Even Years

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. design experimental strategies to understand plant biochemistry, cell biology, physiological responses, and biotechnological applications and approaches to explore fundamental questions about the operation of plant cellular function through written examinations.
    2. demonstrate skills in the critical evaluation of modern plant biology experimental design and best practices through readings from the primary literature and oral and written summaries.
    3. demonstrate a working knowledge of advanced topics in plant biology and biotechnology and the ability to effectively lead a discussion about a specific area of research through oral presentations and in-depth discussions.
    4. demonstrate ability to critically evaluate and debate issues pertaining to the modern application of plant biotechnologies through written position papers and oral debates.


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  • BCH 720 - Cellular Dynamics and Function

    (3 units)
    Students will analyze current research directions aimed at a theory-driven understanding of cellular and subcellular systems using model organisms (plant and non-plant systems).

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 2
    Units of Laboratory/Studio: 1
    Offered: Every Fall

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. design experimental strategies for current research questions related to cell biology that utilize microscopy, genetics, and biochemical approaches.
    2. demonstrate a working knowledge of advanced topics in cell biology through oral presentations, in-depth discussions and a written research proposal
    3. explain how a hypothesis can or cannot be tested in the context of available experimental tools.
    4. formulate and experimentally test a hypothesis using an experimental technique, such as microscopy, genetics or biochemistry
    5. explain the rationale and potential impact of the cell biology-related grants currently funded by the NSF-MCB program in Cellular Dynamics and Function


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  • BCH 740 - Enzymology

    (3 units)
    Enzyme kinetics, specificity, mechanisms, inhibition, structure, formation and control.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. articulate the role that water, salts and buffers play in the stabilization of proteins.
    2. articulate an understanding of various modern methods of protein purification, enzyme activity determination.
    3. articulate an understanding of steady-state and pre-steady state kinetic analysis.
    4. demonstrate advanced knowledge of enzymology through homework assignments, class participation activities, and a presentation of a recent paper in enzymology.


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  • BCH 790 - Seminar

    (1 unit)
    Report by students and faculty on topics of interest in biochemistry.

    Maximum units a student may earn: 3

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 1
    Offered: Every Fall, Spring, and Summer

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. effectively present their research, through interactions with the major advisor and the course instructor, to a broad scientific audience.
    2. critically analyze original research presented in a seminar format.


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  • BCH 793 - Independent Study

    (1 to 3 units)
    Independent study in a specialized area.

    Maximum units a student may earn: 6

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Offered: Every Fall, Spring, and Summer

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. design experimental strategies to understand key concepts in biochemistry and molecular biology.
    2. demonstrate skills in the critical evaluation of modern biochemical and molecular biological experimental design and best practices through readings from the primary literature.
    3. demonstrate a working knowledge of advanced topics in biochemistry and molecular biology and the ability to effectively discuss a specific area of research.
    4. demonstrate ability to critically evaluate and debate issues pertaining to modern biochemical and molecular biological research.


    Click here for course scheduling information. | Check course textbook information
  
  

  • BCH 794 - Colloquium

    (1 unit)
    Presentation and analysis of original research in human/mammalian, insect, and plant cell biology, biochemistry, molecular genetics, genomics, bioinformatics, and microbial metagenomics.

    Maximum units a student may earn: 8

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 1
    Offered: Every Fall and Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate the ability to read and critically evaluate relevant scientific literature in the specific topic area of the colloquium section taken.
    2. demonstrate an advanced level of competency in the specific topic area of the colloquium section taken.
    3. demonstrate competence in oral communication skills through the delivery of an oral presentation.
    4. demonstrate competence in written communication skills through the preparation of a written report.


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  • BCH 795 - Comprehensive Examination

    (1 unit)
    Course is used by graduate programs to administer comprehensive examinations either as an end of program comprehensive examination or as a qualifying examination for doctoral candidates prior to being advanced to candidacy.

    Grading Basis: Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory
    Units of Independent Study: 1
    Offered: Every Fall, Spring, and Summer

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate an advanced level of competency in the general fields of biochemistry and molecular biology and in the specialized subject area of their research.
    2. demonstrate competence in oral and written communication skills including the ability to write and present independent research, write research grant proposals and journal articles suitable for publication, and the ability to read and critically evaluate relevant scientific literature in biochemistry and molecular biology.


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  • BCH 797 - Thesis

    (1 to 6 units)
    Thesis may be written in any area of biochemistry.

    Prerequisite(s): Must be admitted to a Masters degree program and have department consent.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Independent Study: X
    Offered: Every Fall, Spring, and Summer

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate an advanced level of competency in the general fields of biochemistry and molecular biology and in the specialized subject area of their research.
    2. demonstrate competence in oral and written communication skills including the ability to write and present independent research, write research grant proposals and journal articles suitable for publication, and the ability to read and critically evaluate relevant scientific literature in biochemistry and molecular biology.
    3. demonstrate ability to complete laboratory-based research in their field of study, including the mastery of common and specialized techniques and instrumentation used in performing biochemical and molecular biology experimentation, and the testing of a hypothesis or answering scientific questions formulated independently or in conjunction with the advisor and committee members.


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  • BCH 799 - Dissertation

    (1 to 24 units)
    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Independent Study: X
    Offered: Every Fall, Spring, and Summer

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate an advanced level of competency in the general fields of biochemistry and molecular biology and in the specialized subject area of their research.
    2. demonstrate competence in oral and written communication skills including the ability to write and present independent research, write research grant proposals and journal articles suitable for publication, and the ability to read and critically evaluate relevant scientific literature in biochemistry and molecular biology.
    3. demonstrate ability to complete laboratory-based research in their field of study, including the mastery of common and specialized techniques and instrumentation used in performing biochemical and molecular biology experimentation, and the testing of a hypothesis or answering scientific questions formulated independently or in conjunction with the advisor and committee members.


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  • BCH 899 - Graduate Advisement

    (1 to 4 units)
    Provides access to faculty for continued consultation and advisement. No grade is filed and credits may not be applied to any degree requirements. Limited to 8 credits (2 semester) enrollment. For non-thesis master’s degree students only.

    Maximum units a student may earn: 8

    Grading Basis: Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory
    Units of Independent Study: X
    Offered: Every Fall, Spring, and Summer

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:


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Biology
  

  • BIOL 100A - Biology: Principles and Applications - Lecture

    (3 units) CO4
    Basic biological concepts, interpretation and application of scientific methods, effects of biological advances on society. Core curriculum science course; cannot be used for credit toward field of concentration in biology. Credit allowed in only one of BIOL 100, BIOL 100A.

    Prerequisite(s): Completion of the Core Curriculum Mathematics requirement or an ACT of 27 or SAT of 630 or Accuplacer QAS 276 and AAF 276 or ALEKS PPL of 61 or Corequisite. Corequisite(s): MATH 126  or MATH 127  or MATH 128  or MATH 176  or MATH 181 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall, Spring, and Summer

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. define and follow the scientific method.
    2. describe the structure and function of DNA.
    3. summarize how populations of organisms evolve.


    Click here for course scheduling information. | Check course textbook information
  

  • BIOL 105 - Introduction to Neuroscience

    (3 units)
    An introduction to neuroscience and the role and impact of neural disease on society. (BIOL 105 and PSY 105 are cross-listed; credit may be earned in one of the two.)

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall and Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate a basic understanding of neural function.
    2. articulate the general biological principles underlying neurodegenerative disease.
    3. relate neural function to societal issues including the cost, diagnosis and treatment of neurological disease.


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  • BIOL 125 - How Science Works: Biological Case Studies

    (3 units) CO4
    Discussion of diverse biological examples to illustrate critical thinking about ideas and evidence in science.

    Prerequisite(s): MATH 120  or corequisite.  Corequisite: MATH 126  or higher.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. apply observations, comparisons, experiments, models, and other sources of information to answer questions in biology
    2. qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate scientific evidence
    3. understand the difference between science and nonsense


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  • BIOL 189A - Fundamentals of Life Science Lecture

    (3 units)
    Survey of contemporary biology topics including major biological molecules, cell structure and function, basic physiology, cellular metabolism, and genetics. For majors who require biology as part of their professional career preparation; cannot be used as a pre-requisite for BIOL 191 or BIOL 300. Credit allowed in only one of BIOL 189A, BIOL 189, or BIOL 190.

    Prerequisite(s): CHEM 121A  and CHEM 121L  with a “C-” or better OR CHEM 201 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall and Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. integrate knowledge of chemistry and the major biological molecules to relate structure to function in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, with an emphasis on human cells and tissues.
    2. analyze cellular process including membrane dynamics, signaling, energy acquisition via cellular respiration and fermentation, and the cell cycle.
    3. describe the foundations of Mendelian and molecular genetics, and the importance of the structure of DNA and gene expression.
    4. apply cell biology concepts to the understanding of stem cells, cancer, and viruses.


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  • BIOL 190A - Introduction to Cell and Molecular Biology Lecture

    (3 units)
    Introduction to the molecular and cellular basis of living organisms, including cell structure and function, principles of genetics and early development.

    Prerequisite(s): CHEM 121A  and CHEM 121L  with a “C-” or better, or CHEM 201 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 2
    Units of Discussion/Recitation: 1
    Offered: Every Fall, Spring, and Summer

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. integrate knowledge of basic chemistry and major biological molecules to relate structure to cellular function.
    2. analyze the central importance of cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic) as the units of life where complex metabolic reactions take place.
    3. describe the foundations of Mendelian genetics and chromosomal theory and apply these to contemporary concepts in genetics.
    4. apply basic knowledge of the structure and function of nucleic acids to modern biological research.


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  • BIOL 191A - Introduction Organismal Biology Lecture

    (3 units) CO4
    Introduction to the diversity of life, including the physiology, ecology, behavior and evolution of living systems.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 189A  or BIOL 190A  with a “C-” or better.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall, Spring, and Summer

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. explain the theory of evolution by natural and sexual selection.
    2. describe the general anatomy and physiology of animal organ systems.
    3. describe population and community ecology dynamics.


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  • BIOL 192 - Principles of Biological Investigation

    (2 units)
    Fundamentals of investigative techniques common to all fields of scientific writing and use of research equipment.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 189A  or BIOL 190A . Corequisite(s): BIOL 191A .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Laboratory/Studio: 2
    Offered: Every Fall and Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. formulate scientific hypotheses and test predictions deduced from them.
    2. design and conduct experiments with proper controls.
    3. collect data properly and analyze them statistically.
    4. use the library and web resources to conduct scientific literature searches.
    5. write a formal laboratory report and a scientific paper.
    6. evaluate their own work and the work of others.
    7. present findings to their classmates.
    8. correctly use basic tools & equipment of biological research, such as micropipette, spectrophotometer, gel electrophoresis equipment, and light compound microscope.


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  • BIOL 223A - Human Anatomy and Physiology I Lecture

    (3 units)
    Physiology of cellular functions; integumentary, skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems. Primarily for physical education, pre-nursing and other pre-health majors. May not be used for credit toward field of concentration in biology.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 190A  with a “C-” or better or BIOL 189A  with a “C-” or better. Corequisite(s): BIOL 223L .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall, Spring, and Summer

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. describe the underlying basic physiological function of the cardiovascular, respiratory, immune, endocrine, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems of the human body.
    2. apply analytical thinking and critical synthesis of knowledge related to physiological function.
    3. apply chemistry, math, and basic biology knowledge to problems in human physiology.


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  • BIOL 223L - Human Anatomy and Physiology I Lab

    (1 unit)
    Anatomy of histology, integumentary, skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems. May not be used for credit toward field of concentration in biology.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 190A  with a “C-” or better or BIOL 189A  with a “C-” or better. Corequisite(s): BIOL 223A .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Laboratory/Studio: 1
    Offered: Every Fall, Spring, and Summer

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. identify structures of the integumentary system, skeletal system, muscular system, and nervous systems of the human body on provided models and on previously dissected cadavers.
    2. dissect structures of the integumentary system, skeletal system, muscular system, and nervous systems from preserved cat specimens.
    3. describe the anatomical structures of aforementioned body systems on weekly lab quizzes and three major lab practicals.


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  • BIOL 224A - Human Anatomy and Physiology II Lecture

    (3 units)
    Physiology of circulatory, immune, respiratory, endocrine, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems. Primarily for physical education, pre-nursing and other pre-health majors. May not be used for credit toward field of concentration in biology.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 223A  with a “C” or better and BIOL 223L  with a “C-” or better. Corequisite(s): BIOL 224L .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall, Spring, and Summer

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. describe the underlying basic physiological function of the cardiovascular, respiratory, immune, endocrine, digestive, urinary and reproduction systems of the human body.
    2. apply analytical thinking and critical synthesis of knowledge related to physiological function.
    3. apply chemistry, math, and basic biology knowledge to problems in human physiology.


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  • BIOL 224L - Human Anatomy and Physiology II Lab

    (1 unit)
    Anatomy of circulatory, immune, respiratory, endocrine, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems. May not be used for credit toward field of concentration in biology.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 223A  with a “C” or better and BIOL 223L  with a “C-” or better. Corequisite(s): BIOL 224A .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Laboratory/Studio: 1
    Offered: Every Fall, Spring, and Summer

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. identify structures of the cardiovascular, respiratory, immune, endocrine, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems of the human body on provided models and on previously dissected cadavers.
    2. dissect structures of the cardiovascular, respiratory, immune, endocrine, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems from preserved cat specimens.
    3. describe the anatomical structures of aforementioned body systems on weekly lab quizzes and three major lab practicals.


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  • BIOL 251 - General Microbiology

    (4 units)
    Morphology, physiology, classification and culture techniques of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 190A  with a “C-” or better or BIOL 189A  with a “C-” or better.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Units of Laboratory/Studio: 1
    Offered: Every Fall, Spring, and Summer

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. discuss how microbes maintain equilibrium of gases in the atmosphere and nutrients in the terrestrial and aquatic areas of the earth.
    2. determine what differentiates the minority of pathogenic microbes from the majority of nonpathogenic microbes.
    3. describe how ongoing progress in technology has allowed a greater understanding of the role of microbes in human health and the ecology of the earth.
    4. use diagnostic tests to distinguish and identify an unknown bacteria.
    5. discuss why understanding the nature of microbes, their interactions with each other in communities, and their ability to mutate/change/evolve rapidly affects all parts of the natural world.


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  • BIOL 298 - Independent Study

    (1 to 3 units)
    Research and/or readings in selected topics in biology. For freshmen and sophomores only.

    Maximum units a student may earn: 8

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Offered: Every Fall, Spring, and Summer

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate a basic knowledge of working in a research environment.
    2. describe how research is carried out in a specific research environment.
    3. demonstrate basic knowledge regarding the background to a specific piece of research.


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  • BIOL 300 - Principles of Genetics

    (3 units)
    Biological basis of heredity and variations among higher and lower organisms using modern and classical concepts of structure, function and organization of the genetic material.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 190A  with a “C-” or better AND BIOL 191A  with a “C-” or better.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall, Spring, and Summer

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate an understanding of the principles of transmission, molecular and evolutionary genetics.
    2. demonstrate competency in solving complex genetic problems including the application of basic probability and statistics to genetic analysis.
    3. apply core genetics concepts to understand current genetic issues.


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  • BIOL 303 - Research Methods

    (3 units)
    Research Methods is a required course in the NevadaTeach sequence. The course provides prospective science teachers with an understanding of how the scientific enterprise works. (BIOL 303, CHEM 303, NVTC and PHYS 303 are cross-listed; credit may be earned in one of the three.)

    Prerequisite(s): NVTC 101 ; NVTC 102 ; completion of Core Physical & Natural Phenomena requirement; Junior standing. Recommended Preparation: MATH 181 ; a college-level statistics course.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 2
    Units of Laboratory/Studio: 1
    Offered: Every Fall

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. create their own experiments to answer scientific questions.
    2. identify sources of systematic and random errors and design experiments to reduce them.
    3. use probes and computers to gather and analyze data.
    4. use statistics to interpret experimental results and deal with sampling errors.
    5. treat human subjects in an ethical fashion.


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  • BIOL 314 - Ecology and Population Biology

    (3 units) CO9
    Basic ecological principles, with emphasis on population dynamics, population genetics, and interactions between species.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 190A ; BIOL 191A ; MATH 127  or higher.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall and Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. explain how science relates to a problem of societal concern, specifically global change and impacts on natural systems and human societies.
    2. discuss modern ecological theory, and be able to distinguish key concepts for bodies of thought including: population biology, niche theory, metapopulation biology, island biogeography, and others.
    3. apply critical thinking when answering questions that relate ecological theory to living systems of plants and animals.
    4. solve mathematical problems in ecological theory using graphical and qualitative approaches.
    5. read and interpret scientific literature.


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  • BIOL 315 - Cell Biology

    (3 units)
    Cell structure and function at the molecular level.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 300  or BCH 400 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall and Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. state the name and function of major cellular structures and molecules.
    2. describe basic cell biological concepts and principles.
    3. explain how different experimental approaches are used to investigate cellular processes.


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  • BIOL 316 - Comparative Animal Physiology

    (3 units)
    Animal function from a comparative perspective with emphasis on vertebrates.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 191A ; BIOL 192  or NRES 217 ; CHEM 122A  and CHEM 122L  or CHEM 202 ; MATH 127  or higher.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall and Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. explain how physical environments affect how animals function.
    2. explain how many aspects of animal function are determined by physical and chemical processes (e.g., heat exchange, total fluid energy).
    3. apply rigorous mathematical reasoning to problems in animal physiology.


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  • BIOL 321 - Marine Biology

    (3 units)
    Survey of the marine environment, its various habitats, associated biological communities, and interacting physical and chemical processes.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 190A ; BIOL 191A ; BIOL 314 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Spring - Odd Years

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. critically evaluate mechanisms controlling community structure and function in marine habitats.
    2. critically evaluate chemical and physical parameters affecting the distribution and structuring of marine communities.
    3. synthesize content and demonstrate critical evaluation of knowledge related to the course content.


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  • BIOL 322 - Experimental Field Ecology

    (3 units)
    Intensive summer course in Little Valley. Introduction to the area’s natural history and to techniques for field study of plants and animals; individual and group projects.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 191A ; BIOL 192  or NRES 217 ; BIOL 314 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 2
    Units of Laboratory/Studio: 1
    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. create an experimental design for the lab and/or field.
    2. successfully execute experiments.
    3. present and evaluate alternative approaches to field ecology research.
    4. demonstrate an ability to analyze experimental data, synthesize and interpret the results in a scientifically meaningful context.


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  • BIOL 330 - Plant Biology

    (3 units)
    A wide-ranging introduction to plants and their biology. Topics include structure, physiology, classification, evolution, and ecology of planets.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 190A ; BIOL 191A .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate knowledge of plant morphology, physiology, evolution and ecology in a series of in-class objective exams.
    2. demonstrate critical thinking skills by understanding the relationships between plant structure, function and evolutionary history.
    3. demonstrate scientific writing skills in a series of take-home essays while demonstrating their understanding of specific topics in plant biology.


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  • BIOL 368 - Parasitology

    (3 units)
    Parasitic animals of medical, veterinary and wildlife importance.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 190A .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. compare and differentiate between the major groups of parasites.
    2. distinguish and describe parasite life cycles important in human and animal health.
    3. evaluate the role of parasite ecology in the maintenance, transmission and control of species pathogenic to humans, domestic animals and wildlife.


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  • BIOL 394 - Laboratory in Ecology and Population Biology

    (2 units) CO14
    Research techniques and investigative approaches in field and laboratory studies.

    Prerequisite(s): STAT 152  or APST 270 ; BIOL 191A ; BIOL 192  or NRES 217 ; BIOL 314 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Laboratory/Studio: 2
    Offered: Every Fall and Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. create an experimental design for the lab and/or field.
    2. successfully execute experiments.
    3. analyze experimental data, synthesize and interpret the results in a scientifically meaningful context.


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  • BIOL 395 - Laboratory in Genetics and Cell Biology

    (2 units) CO9, CO14
    Research techniques and investigative approaches in cellular and molecular biology.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 192 ; BIOL 300 . Corequisite(s): BIOL 315 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Laboratory/Studio: 2
    Offered: Every Fall and Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate basic techniques including the correct use of pipettes (especially for small volumes) and the ability to load samples into a gel.
    2. demonstrate in writing or verbally an understanding of the techniques, reagents and basic calculations used in a modern molecular biology laboratory.
    3. maintain an informative laboratory notebook.
    4. generate a formal scientific report consisting of an introduction, methods, results and discussion sections with formal labeled and described figures.
    5. describe how scientific and technological developments in cell and molecular biology affect society.


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  • BIOL 396 - Comparative Animal Physiology

    (2 units) CO14
    Research techniques and investigative approaches in comparative animal physiology.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 316 ; STAT 152  or APST 270 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Discussion/Recitation: 1
    Units of Laboratory/Studio: 1
    Offered: Every Fall and Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate basic physiological techniques utilized for collection of physiological data.
    2. analyze experimental data, synthesize, interpret and present the results in a scientifically meaningful context.
    3. generate a formal scientific report consisting of an introduction, methods, results and discussion sections with formal labeled and described figures.
    4. demonstrate articulate presentation skills appropriate to their personal and professional goals.
    5. link physiological data with underlying physiological theory.


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  • BIOL 401 - Biology Journal Seminar

    (1 unit)
    Survey of periodical literature of biology. Oral and written reports by the student will give experience in searching and interpreting literature.

    Maximum units a student may earn: 6

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 1
    Offered: Every Fall and Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. read and analyze primary research.
    2. explain how sophisticated experimental approaches are used to investigate biological processes.
    3. demonstrate critical thinking skills relevant to the problems and research discussed.


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  • BIOL 404 - Population Genetics

    (3 units)
    Genetics of populations and mechanisms of evolution. Includes equilibrium conditions and forces altering gene frequencies and polygenic and quantitative inheritance.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 300 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall - Odd Years

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. apply and interpret mathematical models in the study of population genetics.
    2. demonstrate a basic understanding of the modern science of population genetics.
    3. articulate in writing or verbally, the roles of both natural selection and drift in evolutionary change.
    4. describe several ways in which new species can emerge.
    5. describe the complex dynamics that lead to functionally coherent gene pools.


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  • BIOL 407 - Genomics and Bioinformatics

    (3 units)
    Introduction to how genomic data is obtained and analyzed. Introduction to sequence databases, alignment, similarity searches, and other bioinformatics analysis. Introduction to Genome Evolution.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 300 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. critically apply concepts central to genomics, including genome evolution and generation of genomic and other -omics datasets.
    2. describe the foundations of the various bioinformatics techniques used to extract knowledge from genomic data.
    3. apply computer tools, particularly online tools, to perform basic bioinformatic data retrieval and analyses, such as sequence visualization, alignment, similarity searches, and phylogenetic reconstruction.


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  • BIOL 410 - Plant Physiology

    (3 units)
    Basic physiological processes in plants, nutrition, metabolism, growth and development. (BCH 410 and BIOL 410 are cross-listed; credit may be earned in one of the two.)

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 330  or CHEM 220A  or CHEM 242  or CHEM 341 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. articulate an understanding of the physiological processes governing the growth and development of plants.
    2. explain how plants modify physiological processes to adapt to changes in environmental conditions.
    3. discuss how physiological processes impact plants in agricultural and natural settings.


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  • BIOL 411 - Comparative Biomechanics

    (3 units)
    This course will review bio-material properties, muscles, scaling laws, animal sensory systems and central pattern generators. Students will learn about jumping fleas, sliding slugs, flying flies, gripping geckos, trotting turkeys, and so much more. (BIOL 411 and ME 411 are cross-listed; credits may be earned in one of the two.)

    Prerequisite(s):MATH 181  with a “C” or better; ME 311  with a “C’ or better or BIOL 316  with a “C” or better.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall - Odd Years

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. acquire and apply new knowledge as needed, using appropriate learning strategies.


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  • BIOL 414 - Endocrinology

    (3 units)
    Structure and function of endocrine glands and how their secretions regulate biochemical reactions, cell communication, gene expression, and physiology.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 224A  or BIOL 316 ; CHEM 122A  and CHEM 122L  or CHEM 202 ; CHEM 220A  or CHEM 341 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. discuss, diagram, write and critically apply concepts central to endocrinology as it pertains to regulation of physiology through changes in cellular signaling and gene expression.
    2. describe the associated anatomy for each component of the endocrine system.
    3. describe the effects of disease on endocrine function.


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  • BIOL 415 - Evolution

    (4 units) CO13
    Pattern and process in the evolution of life on earth.

    Prerequisite(s): General Education courses (CO1-CO3) completed; at least 3 courses from CO4-CO8 completed; Junior or Senior standing; BIOL 300 ; BIOL 314  or BIOL 315  or NRES 310 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Units of Laboratory/Studio: 1
    Offered: Every Fall and Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. integrate effective composition and communication skills, and critical analysis and use of information to explain and criticize papers published in the primary scientific literature.
    2. describe scientific evidence of evolution based on the fossil record, molecular biology and comparative anatomy, physiology, and behavior.
    3. explain the roles of mutation, genetic drift, gene flow and natural selection in bringing about evolutionary change within populations.
    4. explain various mechanisms through which new species can arise.
    5. construct and interpret phylogenies.


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  • BIOL 418 - Sensory Systems: Ecology, Evolution and Diversity

    (3 units)
    Overview of how organisms have evolved to sense the world around them and communicate with others. Covers basic mechanisms of vision, olfaction, gustation, and audition. Focus on sensory systems in an ecological and evolutionary context.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 192  or NRES 217 ; BIOL 300 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate knowledge of sensory mechanisms, as well as an understanding of their evolutionary history and function in an ecological context during a midterm and final, as well as in-class quizzes.
    2. demonstrate an understanding of how scientists in different areas of Biology study sensory systems from both mechanistic and functional perspectives.
    3. demonstrate development of their critical thinking skills and oral communication skills by reading and discussing primary research literature and preparing a presentation.


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  • BIOL 421 - Conservation Biology

    (3 units)
    Theory and application of scientific principles to the preservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of natural resources. Local and global issues are addressed. (BIOL 421 and NRES 421 are cross-listed; credit may be earned in one of the two.)

    Prerequisite(s): NRES 217  or BIOL 314 ; Junior or Senior standing.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. explain the threats to biological diversity and consequences of biodiversity loss.
    2. demonstrate how ecological, evolutionary, and ethical principles apply to conservation problems.
    3. discuss relevant policy and law as it relates to the conservation of biological diversity.
    4. demonstrate critical thinking skills in assessment, analysis, and synthesis of conservation issues through effective written and verbal communication.


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  • BIOL 423 - Advanced Human Dissection I

    (3 units)
    Admission is by application. Prepare and review materials including demonstration dissections of cats and human cadaver for weekly BIOL 223L  /BIOL 224L   laboratory. Systems covered depend on assignment. Assist in teaching one section of lab. One 1-hour lecture followed by a 3-hour lab each Friday afternoon.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 1
    Units of Laboratory/Studio: 2
    Offered: Every Fall

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. dissect, identify and label human cadaver structures.
    2. cleanly dissect, identify and label cat structures.
    3. present and teach both cat and human body structures.
    4. demonstrate team work skills.


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  • BIOL 424 - Advanced Human Dissection II

    (3 units)
    Admission is by application. Prepare and review materials including demonstration dissections of cats and human cadaver for weekly BIOL 223L  /BIOL 224L    laboratory. Systems covered depend on assignment. Assist in teaching one section of lab. One 1-hour lecture followed by a 3-hour lab each Friday afternoon.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 423 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 1
    Units of Laboratory/Studio: 2
    Offered: Every Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. dissect, identify and label human cadaver structures.
    2. cleanly dissect, identify and label cat structures.
    3. present and teach both cat and human body structures.
    4. demonstrate team work skills.


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  • BIOL 429 - Biological Diversity

    (3 units)
    Survey of biological diversity at taxonomic, species, and ecosystem levels, emphasizing historical and current patterns, phylogenetic relationships, and current conservation challenges.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 191A ; BIOL 192  or NRES 217 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 2
    Units of Laboratory/Studio: 1
    Offered: Every Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. explain the ecology, classification, and morphology of a large number of taxa (species, genera, etc.), including the taxonomic relationships and key characteristics of organisms and lineages (things that all biologists should know).
    2. answer fundamental questions about the causes and consequences of diversity. For example: “What is the most common mode of speciation?”, “Do all lineages of organisms diversify at a similar rate?”; and “How does organismal diversity affect ecological processes?”.
    3. read and discuss scientific literature.


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  • BIOL 430 - Field Ornithology

    (1 unit)
    Optional course to accompany BIOL 433 /BIOL 633 . Bird identification, behavior and ecology in the field.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Laboratory/Studio: 1
    Offered: Every Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate verbally or in writing an ability to correctly identify birds.
    2. discuss verbally or in writing the life history and diversity of birds.
    3. demonstrate verbally or in writing a basic understanding and appreciation of the behavior of birds.


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  • BIOL 431 - Ichthyology

    (3 units)
    Systematics, ecology and biology of fishes.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 191A ; BIOL 192  or NRES 217 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. explain how evolution of fish is related to genetic variation and morphological adaptations to specific environments.
    2. explain how evolution of fish is related to genetic variation and morphological adaptations to specific environments.
    3. categorize fish using taxonomic tools.
    4. identify fish in their natural habitat.
    5. explain the connection between fish behavior, life cycle, and evolution with ecology and conservation.
    6. write a research proposal on an in-depth exploration of the literature focused on a specific aspect of Ichthyology.
    7. create and present a lecture on an in-depth exploration of the literature focused on an aspect of Ichthyology.


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  • BIOL 432 - Herpetology

    (4 units)
    Origins, evolution, taxonomy, biogeography, morphology, physiology, behavior and ecology of amphibians and reptiles. Laboratory emphasizes Great Basin herpetofauna-identification, experiments and field studies.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 191A ; BIOL 192  or NRES 217 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Units of Laboratory/Studio: 1
    Offered: Every Spring - Odd Years

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. trace modern amphibians and reptiles to evolutionary origins using diagrams and be able to identify important adaptive changes that arose through evolutionary time.
    2. list several ancient lineages related to modern amphibians and reptiles and distinguish differences among them.
    3. describe and compare physiological systems in reptiles and amphibians in relation to their ecology and life history.
    4. describe and compare behavior in reptiles and amphibians in relation to their ecology and life history.
    5. identify current conservation issues facing reptiles and amphibians.
    6. evaluate/prescribe management solutions to conservation problems by synthesizing concepts of physiology, behavior, ecology, etc.
    7. critique and discuss peer-reviewed literature.


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  • BIOL 433 - Ornithology

    (3 units)
    Origins, evolution, taxonomy, biogeography, morphology, physiology, behavior and ecology of birds.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 191A ; BIOL 192  or NRES 217 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate knowledge of avian morphology, physiology, evolution and ecology in a series of in-class objective exams.
    2. develop critical thinking skills by understanding the relationships between bird structure, function and evolutionary history.
    3. develop their scientific writing skills in a series of take-home essays while demonstrating their understanding of specific topics in avian biology.


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  • BIOL 434 - Mammalogy

    (4 units)
    Origins, evolution, taxonomy, biogeography, morphology, physiology, behavior, and ecology of mammals. Laboratory includes identification, experiments, and field studies.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 191A ; BIOL 192  or NRES 217 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Units of Laboratory/Studio: 1
    Offered: Every Fall

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. explain the ways in which mammals are diverse (and unique), how, when, and why that diversity arose, and the major threats to that diversity.
    2. explain fundamental aspects of mammalian biology, how mammals interact with each other, with other organisms, and with their environment.
    3. identify functional adaptations and characteristics of various mammal groups.


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  • BIOL 437 - Entomology

    (3 units)
    Origins, evolution, taxonomy, biogeography, morphology, physiology, behavior, and ecology of insects. Laboratory includes identification, experiments, and field study.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 191A ; BIOL 192  or NRES 217 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 2
    Units of Laboratory/Studio: 1
    Offered: Every Spring - Odd Years

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. recognize any insect encountered and will readily identify it to order, family, or genus.
    2. readily articulate the physiological, ecological, and evolutionary idiosynchracies of unique insect adaptations when faced with specific questions about insect biology.
    3. write critiques of primary literature that demonstrate a clear understanding of general entomology.


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  • BIOL 446 - Desert and Montane Ecosystem

    (3 units)
    Extended field trip to acquaint students with the biota of selected desert or mountain areas.

    Maximum units a student may earn: 6

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 314 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate ability to identify desert plants and animals in two practical exams.
    2. develop their scientific writing skills in a series of take-home essays while demonstrating their understanding of specific topics in desert ecology.
    3. develop critical thinking skills by understanding the relationships between meteorology, geology, hydrology and desert ecology.
    4. learn how to collect and prepare specimens of desert plants and invertebrates.


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  • BIOL 450 - Special Topics

    (1 to 3 units)
    Advanced studies in biology. May be repeated as long as topic differs.

    Maximum units a student may earn: 9

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Offered: Every Fall, Spring, and Summer

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. read and analyze primary research.
    2. describe advanced biological concepts and principles.
    3. articulate verbally or in writing an understanding of the current status and societal application of special topic presented in this course.


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  • BIOL 453 - Immunology

    (3 units)
    Organization, development, and regulation of the immune system, antibody structure and function, cellular and humoral effector mechanisms in immunity, and immunologic mechanisms in disease. (BIOL 453 and MICR 453 are cross-listed; credit may be earned in one of the two.)

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 300  or BIOL 315 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. recognize the various innate immune mechanisms that provide initial defense against pathogenic organisms.
    2. describe how innate immunity provides the signals for initiating adaptive immunity.
    3. describe the development of T and B lymphocytes, and explain the genetic basis for generation of antigen receptor diversity.
    4. compare and contrast the recognition of antigen by T and B lymphocytes, and define the role of the major histocompatibility complex.
    5. discuss the role of cell-mediated and humoral immune defense mechanisms against pathogens.
    6. explain how microbes avoid immune defenses, and describe various primary and acquired immunodeficiencies.
    7. demonstrate an understanding of how the principles of allergy and hypersensitivity diseases, autoimmunity, transplantation, immunoregulation, tumor immunology, and vaccination.


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  • BIOL 454 - Genomic Conflict, Epigenetics & Human Disease

    (3 units)
    Survey of agents of genomic conflict and non-Mendelian genetic mechanisms, with emphasis on their implications for phenotypic disruption and human disease.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 190A ; BIOL 191A .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. distinguish between the co-adapted and counter-adapted views of organismal genomes.
    2. compare and contrast the characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes.
    3. identify and describe agents of genomic conflict.
    4. describe the mechanisms of epigenetic gene regulation and techniques used for studying those mechanisms.
    5. explain the role of epigenetic gene regulation in development and the importance of epigenetic change in disease, phenotypic variation, reproduction and aging.
    6. discuss the sensitivity of epigenomes to environmental factors and potential mechanisms for the inheritance of acquired epigenetic states.
    7. discuss epigenetic therapy in the treatment of disease.
    8. define other forms of non-mendelian inheritance (paramutation, meiotic drive, feto-maternal cell trafficking and maternal inheritance) and discuss their phenotypic and evolutionary consequences.


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  • BIOL 456 - Molecular Basis of Epigenetics

    (3 units)
    Survey of the molecular basis of epigenetic events on chromatin fibers and nuclear functions (transcriptions, DNA replication, repair) in development and cancer.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 315 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Spring - Odd Years

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate an integrative understanding of gene expression control mechanisms in eukaryotic cells.
    2. analyze and interpret data from primary literature sources in epigenetics/gene regulation.
    3. articulate how next-generation sequencing technologies can help address research questions in epigenetics/gene regulation.


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  • BIOL 459 - Biology of Sleep and Sleep Disorders

    (3 units)
    Molecular and neuronal mechanisms controlling sleep and circadian rhythms, special focus on model organisms. The mechanisms and potential treatments of sleep disorders.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 315 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. describe molecular and neuronal mechanisms of sleep regulation.
    2. interpret data from literature sources in sleep regulation.
    3. evaluate how modern technologies can help to address basic questions in sleep regulation.
    4. analyze current and potential therapeutics for sleep disorders.


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  • BIOL 466 - Developmental Biology

    (3 units)
    Developmental patterns, mechanisms of cellular differentiation and cell interactions.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 300 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. state the major features of animal development.
    2. describe basic developmental biology concepts and principles.
    3. explain how different experimental approaches are used to investigate developmental processes.


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  • BIOL 471 - Neurobiology of Mental Illness

    (3 units)
    Exploration of major psychiatric disorders with an emphasis on the neurobiological mechanisms. (BIOL 471 and NS 471 are cross-listed; credits may be earned in one of the two.)

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 315 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. describe and assess common neurosciences techniques useful for the study of psychiatric disorders.
    2. evaluate pathophysiological phenomenon associate with mental illness.
    3. read and explore literature covering brain disorders.


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  • BIOL 472 - Limnology

    (3 units)
    Introduction to limnology, the study of inland waters, integrating physics, chemistry, and biology to study aquatic ecosystems.

    Prerequisite(s): CHEM 121A  or CHEM 201 ; MATH 176  or MATH 181 ; PHYS 151  or PHYS 180 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. describe in detail a contemporary issue a limnologist may study.
    2. demonstrate scientific literacy on a topic based on what is supported by science and pseudoscience.
    3. describe basic limnological concepts and their role in shaping the topic studied.
    4. articulate the dynamics of lake stratification in lakes and flow in rivers.
    5. describe the influence of geology and climate dynamics on physical and chemical process in lakes.
    6. describe interactions of physical and chemical dynamics on biological diversity and production.
    7. describe the methods used to collect baseline data on an aquatic ecosystem using current field and laboratory methods.
    8. evaluate how changes in anthropogenic activity in the future might influence aquatic ecosystems with comparisons of the Great Basin to other Ecoregions on the planet.


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  • BIOL 475 - Neurobiology

    (3 units) CO9
    Molecular and cellular aspects of neural development, structure and function.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 300 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall and Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate understanding of fundamental concepts of cellular and molecular neuroscience by definition, explanation, and use of these concepts in examinations.
    2. describe and interpret the structure, molecular players, and function of key neuron types within multiple levels of nervous system organization, ranging from genes, proteins, organelles, neurotransmitters, synapses, circuits, and systems.
    3. integrate previous knowledge about cell and molecular biology to explain the cellular and molecular basis of sensory, motor, and other major neural systems.
    4. analyze and discuss technological applications and ethical concerns of cellular and molecular neuroscience for health- and society-related topics, such as genetic disease, autism, drug abuse, mental illness, neurodegeneration, regeneration, and stem cells.
    5. demonstrate the ability to critically analyze scientific research articles in cellular and molecular neuroscience, through assignments in writing, speaking, and/or website design, with further demonstration of understanding the profound impacts of neuroscience on society.


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  • BIOL 476 - Clocks, Rhythms, and Disease

    (3 units)
    Chronobiology, the study of adaptations evolved by living organisms to cope with geophysical cycles in their environment. Emphasis on circadian clocks, their organization, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that generate daily rhythms.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 300 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate knowledge to master concepts in the scientific discipline of Chronobiology, such as the functional properties and organization of the circadian rhythms and their relevance to human welfare and diseases.
    2. demonstrate ability to interpret data and to critically evaluate data to existing hypotheses in the field of Chronobiology during two in-class exams, the mid-term and final exam, and two quizzes.
    3. demonstrate ability to read and comprehend primary research literature in the field of Chronobiology throughout the semester.
    4. focus on a specific chosen topic in the field of Chronobiology, search and read primary literature, and describe current hypotheses, all of which will be presented as a written up-to-date critical mini-review paper with proper citations at the end of the semester.


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  • BIOL 477 - Genes, Brain, and Behavior

    (3 units)
    Combining behavioral sciences and genetics to study the role of genes and environmental factors involved in a variety of complex behaviors of humans and animals.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 300 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate ability to read and comprehend primary research literature in the field of Behavioral Genetics and Neurobiology during bi-weekly in-class discussions of these research papers throughout the semester.
    2. demonstrate knowledge to master advanced concepts in modern genetics and molecular analyzes of complex human diseases with dysfunctional behavioral phenotypes, the ability to interpret data, and to critically evaluate data to existing hypotheses during two in-class exams – the mid-term and final exam – and two quizzes.
    3. focus on specific chosen topics on a particular human behavior or disorder, search and read primary literature, describe the current state 2 of existing evidence for genetic and environmental influences underlying these behaviors and disorders, all of which will be presented as a written up-to-date critical review paper with proper citations at the end of the semester.
    4. demonstrate their understanding of specific chosen topics in Behavioral Genetics by presenting their written paper or proposal, including background information, critical evaluation of published literature, novel hypotheses and experimental design to test these hypotheses, in an oral presentation before the entire class at the end of the semester.


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  • BIOL 479 - Sex and Reproductive Biology

    (3 units)
    Survey of male and female reproductive anatomy and endocrinology; sexual differentiation, puberty and reproductive aging; fertilization, pregnancy and fetal development.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 192 ; BIOL 300 . 

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Offered: Every Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. describe the fundamental biology of male and female reproductive biology.
    2. describe the biology of fertilization and development during pregnancy.
    3. discuss issues of societal concern for reproduction, including contraception, sexually transmitted diseases and complications of pregnancy.
    4. evaluate how scientific developments can affect individual and public health.


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  • BIOL 481 - Principles of Animal Behavior

    (3 units)
    Review of field and laboratory studies on the determinants and mechanisms of animal behavior to establish relations between behavior of similar and different species.

    Prerequisite(s): Junior status or above AND two courses in biology OR one course in biology and one course in psychology.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate ability to read and understand primary research literature in the field of Animal Behavior during weekly quizzes throughout the semester.
    2. demonstrate knowledge of the main concepts of Animal Behavior, the ability to interpret data, to relate data to conceptual hypotheses and to critically evaluate the data in relation to existing hypotheses during two in-class exams – the midterm and the final.
    3. form small groups and focus on specific conceptual questions, search and read primary literature, identify existing deficiencies, generate novel research hypotheses and predictions, and design experiments to test these novel hypotheses, all of which will be presented as a written paper at the end of the class.
    4. demonstrate their grasp of specific chosen topics in Animal Behavior by presenting their written group project, including topic overview, critical evaluation of published literature, novel hypotheses and experimental design to test these novel hypotheses in an oral presentation before the entire class at the end of the semester.


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  • BIOL 482 - Cell Biology of Disease

    (3 units)
    Advanced study of cell biological processes associated with disease.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 315 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. describe how the simultaneous activities of multiple cellular functions are regulated and how disruption of specific pathways leads to disease.
    2. demonstrate competency in interpreting primary research articles with an emphasis on experimental design and interpretation of results.
    3. develop skills for interpreting primary research articles and review articles including disease case studies.


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  • BIOL 483 - Infection, Immunity and Evolution of Disease

    (3 units)
    This course offers a detailed study of the biology of infectious disease. Topics include the biology of infectious agents, immunology, disease ecology and the role evolution in disease.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 192 ; BIOL 300 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. explain the fundamental biology of hosts and pathogens.
    2. discuss how this biology relates to problems of societal concern.
    3. describe how scientific developments affect individual and public health.
    4. demonstrate knowledge of disease-related biological advancements and their impact on historical and modern societies.


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  • BIOL 488 - Behavioral Ecology

    (3 units)
    The relationships between animal behavior, ecology and evolution.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 314  or BIOL 481 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate ability to read and understand primary research literature in the field of Behavioral Ecology during weekly quizzes throughout the semester.
    2. demonstrate knowledge of the main concepts in Behavioral Ecology, the ability to interpret data, to relate data to conceptual hypotheses and to critically evaluate the data in relation to existing hypotheses during two in-class exams – the midterm and the final.
    3. identify and focus on specific conceptual questions, search and read primary literature related to these conceptual questions and critically evaluate empirical data related to conceptual hypotheses, all of which will be presented as a written paper at the end of the class.
    4. demonstrate their grasp of specific chosen topics in Behavioral Ecology by presenting their written project, including topic overview and critical evaluation of published literature in an oral presentation before the entire class at the end of the semester.


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  • BIOL 490 - Biogeography

    (3 units)
    Brief treatment of plant and animal evolution. Prehistoric, historic and present-day world-wide distribution of plant formations and associated animal life. Examples of human impact on biotic life such as domestications, transfers and extinctions. (BIOL 490 and GEOG 434 are cross-listed; credit may be earned in one of the two.)

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. describe the history of ideas in biogeography.
    2. identify the major biomes on earth.
    3. explain how geographical barriers to dispersal and environmental variation influence species ranges.
    4. explain the role of dispersal in population subdivision and speciation.
    5. discuss the geography of speciation and extinction.
    6. discuss phylogenetics and its place in the study of biogeography.
    7. discuss the roles of ecology and evolution in biogeography, and vice versa.
    8. explain biogeographical patterns and processes in insular systems.


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  • BIOL 491 - Independent Study

    (1 to 3 units)
    Research and/or readings in selected topics in biology.

    Maximum units a student may earn: 8

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Offered: Every Fall, Spring, and Summer

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. gain practical experience of working in a research environment.
    2. describe how research is carried out in a specific research environment.
    3. participate in at least one basic research function of the host laboratory.


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  • BIOL 492 - Research

    (3 units) CO14
    Directed research course for biology majors under the guidance of a faculty member. Design and conduct original research leading to the presentation of a paper.

    Maximum units a student may earn: 6

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall, Spring, and Summer

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. articulate an original research question to pursue in a research project.
    2. implement their study design using the technology and tools available to them.
    3. communicate the results of a research study in a written format appropriate for biological research.


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  • BIOL 494 - Seminar

    (1 unit)
    Selected research topics of current interest.

    Maximum units a student may earn: 2

    Prerequisite(s): Senior status or permission of the instructor.

    Grading Basis: Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory
    Units of Lecture: 1
    Offered: Every Fall and Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. effectively assess 10 professional scientific presentations.
    2. critique the science presented by visiting scientists.
    3. understand and summarize complex ideas in ecology, evolution and conservation biology that have been communicated orally.
    4. demonstrate strategies for organizing scientific colloquia.


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  • BIOL 495 - Peer Leadership in Biology

    (1 unit) CO14
    Peer-leaders facilitate discussion groups integrated with introductory biology courses. Peer-leaders present course content, provide study strategies, and mediate learning for novice students.

    Maximum units a student may earn: 4

    Prerequisite(s): Department consent required; Junior or Senior standing.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Internship/Practicum: 1
    Offered: Every Fall, Spring, and Summer

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. critically assess and synthesize course content in order to develop weekly lesson plans.
    2. develop and demonstrate basic pedagogical skills to engage novice students in learning.
    3. apply study and learning skills they have developed in previous major courses in order to coach novice students for success in an introductory course.
    4. modify and adjust their instruction methods based on periodic feedback though written evaluation and effectiveness as rated by a peer-mentor or faculty mentor.
    5. develop and articulate presentation skills appropriate to their personal and professional goals.


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  • BIOL 496 - Senior Thesis I

    (3 units)
    Directed research for students approved as candidates for the “With Distinction” degree.

    Prerequisite(s): 3 credits of BIOL 491  or BIOL 492 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Independent Study: 3
    Offered: Every Fall, Spring, and Summer

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. demonstrate research skills relevant to their chosen topic, including the recording of data and/or findings.
    2. demonstrate critical thinking skills relevant to their chosen topic.
    3. articulate verbally or in writing an understanding of their research area.


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  • BIOL 497 - Senior Thesis II

    (3 units) CO14
    Directed research for students approved as candidates for the “With Distinction” degree.

    Prerequisite(s): Junior or Senior standing; 3 units in BIOL 496 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Independent Study: 3
    Offered: Every Fall, Spring, and Summer

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. articulate an original research question to pursue in a research project.
    2. implement their study design using the technology and tools available to them.
    3. communicate the results of a research study in a written format appropriate for biological research.


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  • BIOL 601 - Biology Journal Seminar

    (1 unit)
    Survey of periodical literature of biology. Oral and written reports by the student will give experience in searching and interpreting literature.

    Maximum units a student may earn: 6

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 1
    Offered: Every Fall and Spring

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. read and analyze primary research.
    2. explain how sophisticated experimental approaches are used to investigate biological processes.
    3. demonstrate critical thinking skills relevant to the problems and research discussed.
    4. synthesize orally or in writing as assessed by a presentation and/or written report significance of current topic as presented in this course.


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  • BIOL 604 - Population Genetics

    (3 units)
    Genetics of populations and mechanisms of evolution. Includes equilibrium conditions and forces altering gene frequencies and polygenic and quantitative inheritance.

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall - Odd Years

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. apply and interpret mathematical models in the study of population genetics.
    2. demonstrate a basic understanding of the modern science of population genetics.
    3. articulate in writing or verbally, the roles of both natural selection and drift in evolutionary change.
    4. describe several ways in which new species can emerge.
    5. describe the complex dynamics that lead to functionally coherent gene pools.
    6. synthesize orally or in writing as assessed by a presentation and/or written report significance of current topic as presented in this course.


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  • BIOL 607 - Genomics and Bioinformatics

    (3 units)
    Introduction to how genomic data is obtained and analyzed. Introduction to sequence databases, alignment, similarity searches, and other bioinformatics analysis. Introduction to Genome Evolution.

    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 300 .

    Grading Basis: Graded
    Units of Lecture: 3
    Offered: Every Fall

    Student Learning Outcomes
    Upon completion of this course, students will be able to:
    1. critically apply concepts central to genomics, including genome evolution and generation of genomic and other -omics datasets.
    2. describe the foundations of the various bioinformatics techniques used to extract knowledge from genomic data.
    3. apply computer tools, particularly online tools, to perform basic bioinformatic data retrieval and analyses, such as sequence visualization, alignment, similarity searches, and phylogenetic reconstruction.


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